4 Vue Router

4.1 Vue Router 相关理解

4.1.1 vue-router 的理解

vue的一个插件库，专门用来实现SPA应用

4.1.2 对SPA应用的理解

  1. 单页Web应用（single page web application，SPA）
  2. 整个应用只有一个完整的页面
  3. 点击页面中的导航链接不会刷新页面，只会做页面的局部更新
  4. 数据需要通过ajax请求获取

4.1.3 路由的理解

  1. 什么是路由?
    1. 一个路由就是一组映射关系（key - value）
    2. key为路径，value可能是function或componen
  2. 路由分类
    1. 后端路由
      • 理解：value是function，用于处理客户端提交的请求
      • 工作过程：服务器接收到一个请求时，根据请求路径找到匹配的函数来处理请求，返回响应数据
    2. 前端路由
      • 理解：value是component，用于展示页面内容
      • 工作过程：当浏览器的路径改变时，对应的组件就会显示

4.2 基本路由

  1. 安装vue-router，命令npm i vue-router

  2. 应用插件Vue.use(VueRouter)

  3. 编写router配置项

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    import VueRouter from 'vue-router'			// 引入VueRouter
    import About from '../components/About'	// 路由组件
    import Home from '../components/Home'		// 路由组件

    // 创建router实例对象，去管理一组一组的路由规则
    const router = new VueRouter({
    	routes:[
    		{
    			path:'/about',
    			component:About
    		},
    		{
    			path:'/home',
    			component:Home
    		}
    	]
    })

    //暴露router
    export default router

  4. 实现切换

    <router-link></router-link>浏览器会被替换为a标签
    **active-class**可配置高亮样式

    1
    <router-link active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>

  5. 指定展示位

    1
    <router-view></router-view>

src/router/index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../components/About'
import Home from '../components/Home'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home
		}
	]
})

main.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//引入VueRouter
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入路由器
import router from './router'

//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false
//应用插件
Vue.use(VueRouter)

//创建vm
new Vue({
	el:'#app',
	render: h => h(App),
	router:router
})

About.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
<template>
	<h2>我是About的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'About'
	}
</script>

Home.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
<template>
	<h2>我是Home的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Home'
	}
</script>

App.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
<template>
  <div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
        <div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
        <div class="list-group">
					<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面的跳转 -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a> -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->

					<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>
          <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">Home</router-link>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="panel">
          <div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'App',
	}
</script>

4.3 几个注意事项

  1. 路由组件通常存放在pages文件夹，一般组件通常存放在components文件夹比如上一节的案例就可以修改为
    1. src/pages/Home.vue
    2. src/pages/About.vue
    3. src/router/index.js
    4. src/components/Banner.vue
    5. src/App.vue
  2. 通过切换，“隐藏”了的路由组件，默认是被销毁掉的，需要的时候再去挂载
  3. 每个组件都有自己的$route属性，里面存储着自己的路由信息
  4. 整个应用只有一个router，可以通过组件的$router属性获取到

4.4 多级路由

  1. 配置路由规则，使用children配置项

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    routes:[
    	{
    		path:'/about',
    		component:About,
    	},
    	{
    		path:'/home',
    		component:Home,
    		children:[ 					// 通过children配置子级路由
    			{
    				path:'news', 		// 此处一定不要带斜杠，写成 /news
    				component:News
    			},
    			{
    				path:'message',	// 此处一定不要写成 /message
    				component:Message
    			}
    		]
    	}
    ]

  2. 跳转（要写完整路径）

1
<router-link to="/home/news">News</router-link>

News.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
<template>
	<ul>
		<li>news001</li>
		<li>news002</li>
		<li>news003</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'News'
	}
</script>

Message.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li>
				<a href="/message1">message001</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
			</li>
			<li>
				<a href="/message2">message002</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
			</li>
			<li>
				<a href="/message/3">message003</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
			</li>
		</ul>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message'
	}
</script>

Home.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
<template>
	<div>
		<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
		<div>
			<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
				</li>
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
				</li>
			</ul>
			<router-view></router-view>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Home',
		/* beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('Home组件即将被销毁了')
		}, */
		/* mounted() {
			console.log('Home组件挂载完毕了',this)
			window.homeRoute = this.$route
			window.homeRouter = this.$router
		},  */
	}
</script>

About.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
<template>
	<h2>我是About的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'About',
		/* beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('About组件即将被销毁了')
		},*/
		/* mounted() {
			console.log('About组件挂载完毕了',this)
			window.aboutRoute = this.$route
			window.aboutRouter = this.$router
		},  */
	}
</script>

Banner.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
<template>
	<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
		<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Banner'
	}
</script>

src/router/index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			children:[
				{
					path:'news',
					component:News,
				},
				{
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

main.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//引入VueRouter
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入路由器
import router from './router'

//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false
//应用插件
Vue.use(VueRouter)

//创建vm
new Vue({
	el:'#app',
	render: h => h(App),
	router:router
})

App.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
<template>
  <div>
    <div class="row">
      <Banner/>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
        <div class="list-group">
					<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面的跳转 -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a> -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->

					<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>
          <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">Home</router-link>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="panel">
          <div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
	import Banner from './components/Banner'
	export default {
		name:'App',
		components:{Banner}
	}
</script>

4.5 路由的 query 参数

  1. 传递参数

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    <!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
    <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">跳转</router-link>
    				
    <!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的对象写法（推荐） -->
    <router-link 
    	:to="{
    		path:'/home/message/detail',
    		query:{
    		   id: m.id,
           title: m.title
    		}
    	}"
    >跳转</router-link>

  2. 接收参数

    1
    2
    $route.query.id
    $route.query.title

    src/router.index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			children:[
				{
					path:'news',
					component:News,
				},
				{
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					children:[
						{
							path:'detail',
							component:Detail,
						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

Message.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
				<router-link :to="{
					path:'/home/message/detail',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				}">
					{{m.title}}
				</router-link>
			
			</li>
		</ul>
		<hr>
		<router-view></router-view>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message',
		data() {
			return {
				messageList:[
					{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
					{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
					{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
				]
			}
		},
	}
</script>

Detail.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
<template>
	<ul>
		<li>消息编号：{{$route.query.id}}</li>
		<li>消息标题：{{$route.query.title}}</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Detail',
		mounted() {
			console.log(this.$route)
		},
	}
</script>

4.6 命名路由

命名路由

  1. 作用：可以简化路由的跳转

  2. 如何使用

    • 给路由命名

      1
      2
      3
      4
      5
      6
      7
      8
      9
      10
      11
      12
      13
      14
      15
      16
      17
      {
      	path:'/demo',
      	component:Demo,
      	children:[
      		{
      			path:'test',
      			component:Test,
      			children:[
      				{
                name:'hello' // 给路由命名
      					path:'welcome',
      					component:Hello,
      				}
      			]
      		}
      	]
      }

    • 简化跳转

      1
      2
      3
      4
      5
      6
      7
      8
      9
      10
      11
      12
      13
      14
      15
      16
      <!--简化前，需要写完整的路径 -->
      <router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转</router-link>

      <!--简化后，直接通过名字跳转 -->
      <router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转</router-link>

      <!--简化写法配合传递参数 -->
      <router-link 
      	:to="{
      		name:'hello',
      		query:{
      		    id:666,
              title:'你好'
      		}
      	}"
      >跳转</router-link>

src/router/index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			name:'guanyu',
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			children:[
				{
					path:'news',
					component:News,
				},
				{
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					children:[
						{
							name:'xiangqing',
							path:'detail',
							component:Detail,
						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

Message.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
				<router-link :to="{
					name:'xiangqing',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				}">
					{{m.title}}
				</router-link>
			
			</li>
		</ul>
		<hr>
		<router-view></router-view>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message',
		data() {
			return {
				messageList:[
					{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
					{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
					{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
				]
			}
		},
	}
</script>

Detail.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
<template>
	<ul>
		<li>消息编号：{{$route.query.id}}</li>
		<li>消息标题：{{$route.query.title}}</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Detail',
		mounted() {
			console.log(this.$route)
		},
	}
</script>

4.7 路由的 params 参数

  1. 配置路由，声明接收params参数

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    {
    	path:'/home',
    	component:Home,
    	children:[
    		{
    			path:'news',
    			component:News
    		},
    		{
    			component:Message,
    			children:[
    				{
    					name:'xiangqing',
    					path:'detail/:id/:title', // 🔴使用占位符声明接收params参数
    					component:Detail
    				}
    			]
    		}
    	]
    }

  2. 传递参数
    特别注意：路由携带params参数时，若使用to的对象写法，则不能使用path配置项，必须使用name配置！

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    <!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
    <router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转</router-link>
    				
    <!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
    <router-link 
    	:to="{
    		name:'xiangqing',
    		params:{
    		   id:666,
           title:'你好'
    		}
    	}"
    >跳转</router-link>

  3. 接收参数

    1
    2
    $route.params.id
    $route.params.title

Detail.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			name:'guanyu',
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			children:[
				{
					path:'news',
					component:News,
				},
				{
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					children:[
						{
							name:'xiangqing',
							path:'detail/:id/:title',
							component:Detail,
						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

Message.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
				<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

				<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
				<router-link :to="{
					name:'xiangqing',
					params:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				}">
					{{m.title}}
				</router-link>
			
			</li>
		</ul>
		<hr>
		<router-view></router-view>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message',
		data() {
			return {
				messageList:[
					{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
					{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
					{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
				]
			}
		},
	}
</script>

Detail.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
<template>
	<ul>
		<li>消息编号：{{$route.params.id}}</li>
		<li>消息标题：{{$route.params.title}}</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Detail',
		mounted() {
			// console.log(this.$route)
		},
	}
</script>

4.8 路由的 props 配置

props作用：让路由组件更方便的收到参数

src/router/index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			name:'guanyu',
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			children:[
				{
					path:'news',
					component:News,
				},
				{
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					children:[
						{
							name:'xiangqing',
							path:'detail',
							component:Detail,

							//props的第一种写法，值为对象，该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}

							//props的第二种写法，值为布尔值，若布尔值为真，就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数，以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:true

							//props的第三种写法，值为函数
							props($route){
								return {
									id:$route.query.id,
									title:$route.query.title,
									a:1,
									b:'hello'
								}
							}

						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

Message.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
				<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

				<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
				<router-link :to="{
					name:'xiangqing',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				}">
					{{m.title}}
				</router-link>
			
			</li>
		</ul>
		<hr>
		<router-view></router-view>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message',
		data() {
			return {
				messageList:[
					{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
					{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
					{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
				]
			}
		},
	}
</script>

Detail.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
<template>
	<ul>
		<li>消息编号：{{id}}</li>
		<li>消息标题：{{title}}</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Detail',
		props:['id','title'],
		computed: {
			// id(){
			// 	return this.$route.query.id
			// },
			// title(){
			// 	return this.$route.query.title
			// },
		},
		mounted() {
			// console.log(this.$route)
		},
	}
</script>

4.9 路由跳转的 replace 方法

  1. 作用：控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式

  2. 浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式：push和replace

    1. push是追加历史记录
    2. replace是替换当前记录，路由跳转时候默认为push方式

  3. 开启replace模式:

    <router-link :replace="true" ...>News</router-link>

    简写<router-link replace ...>News</router-link>

总结：浏览记录本质是一个栈，默认push，点开新页面就会在栈顶追加一个地址，后退，栈顶指针向下移动，改为replace就是不追加，而将栈顶地址替换

Home.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
<template>
	<div>
		<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
		<div>
			<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
				<li>
					<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
				</li>
				<li>
					<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
				</li>
			</ul>
			<router-view></router-view>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Home',
		/* beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('Home组件即将被销毁了')
		}, */
		/* mounted() {
			console.log('Home组件挂载完毕了',this)
			window.homeRoute = this.$route
			window.homeRouter = this.$router
		},  */
	}
</script>

4.10 编程式路由导航（不用<router-link>）

作用：不借助<router-link>实现路由跳转，让路由跳转更加灵活

  1. this.$router.push({}) 内传的对象与<router-link>中的to相同
  2. this.$router.replace({})
  3. this.$router.forward() 前进
  4. this.$router.back() 后退
  5. this.$router.go(n) 可前进也可后退，n为正数前进n，为负数后退
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
this.$router.push({
	name:'xiangqing',
  params:{
    id:xxx,
    title:xxx
  }
})

this.$router.replace({
	name:'xiangqing',
  params:{
    id:xxx,
    title:xxx
  }
})

Banner.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
<template>
	<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
		<div class="page-header">
			<h2>Vue Router Demo</h2>
			<button @click="back">后退</button>
			<button @click="forward">前进</button>
			<button @click="test">测试一下go</button>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Banner',
		methods: {
			back(){
				this.$router.back()
				// console.log(this.$router)
			},
			forward(){
				this.$router.forward()
			},
			test(){
				this.$router.go(3)
			}
		},
	}
</script>

Message.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
				<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

				<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
				<router-link :to="{
					name:'xiangqing',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				}">
					{{m.title}}
				</router-link>
				<button @click="pushShow(m)">push查看</button>
				<button @click="replaceShow(m)">replace查看</button>
			</li>
		</ul>
		<hr>
		<router-view></router-view>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message',
		data() {
			return {
				messageList:[
					{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
					{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
					{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
				]
			}
		},
		methods: {
			pushShow(m){
				this.$router.push({
					name:'xiangqing',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				})
			},
			replaceShow(m){
				this.$router.replace({
					name:'xiangqing',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				})
			}
		},
	}
</script>

4.11 缓存路由组件

作用：让不展示的路由组件保持挂载，不被销毁
<keep-alive include="News"><router-view></router-view></keep-alive>
<keep-alive :include="['News', 'Message']"><router-view></router-view></keep-alive>

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
// 缓存一个路由组件
<keep-alive include="News"> // include中写想要缓存的组件名，不写表示全部缓存
    <router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>

// 缓存多个路由组件
<keep-alive :include="['News','Message']"> 
    <router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>

News.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
<template>
	<ul>
		<li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
		<li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
		<li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'News',
		beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('News组件即将被销毁了')
		},
	}
</script>

Home.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
<template>
	<div>
		<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
		<div>
			<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
				</li>
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
				</li>
			</ul>
			<!-- 缓存多个路由组件 -->
			<!-- <keep-alive :include="['News','Message']"> -->
				
			<!-- 缓存一个路由组件 -->
			<keep-alive include="News">
				<router-view></router-view>
			</keep-alive>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Home',
		/* beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('Home组件即将被销毁了')
		}, */
		/* mounted() {
			console.log('Home组件挂载完毕了',this)
			window.homeRoute = this.$route
			window.homeRouter = this.$router
		},  */
	}
</script>

4.12 activated deactivated

activated和deactivated是路由组件所独有的两个钩子，用于捕获路由组件的激活状态
具体使用
activated路由组件被激活时触发
deactivated路由组件失活时触发

News.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
<template>
	<ul>
		<li :style="{opacity}">欢迎学习Vue</li>
		<li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
		<li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
		<li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'News',
		data() {
			return {
				opacity:1
			}
		},
		/* beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('News组件即将被销毁了')
			clearInterval(this.timer)
		}, */
		/* mounted(){
			this.timer = setInterval(() => {
				console.log('@')
				this.opacity -= 0.01
				if(this.opacity <= 0) this.opacity = 1
			},16)
		}, */
		activated() {
			console.log('News组件被激活了')
			this.timer = setInterval(() => {
				console.log('@')
				this.opacity -= 0.01
				if(this.opacity <= 0) this.opacity = 1
			},16)
		},
		deactivated() {
			console.log('News组件失活了')
			clearInterval(this.timer)
		},
	}
</script>

4.13 路由守卫

作用：对路由进行权限控制
分类：全局守卫、独享守卫、组件内守卫

  1. 全局守卫

    meta路由源信息

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    // 全局前置守卫：初始化时、每次路由切换前执行
    router.beforeEach((to,from,next) => {
    	console.log('beforeEach',to,from)
    	if(to.meta.isAuth){ // 判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制
    		if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){ // 权限控制的具体规则
    			next()	// 放行
    		}else{
    			alert('暂无权限查看')
    		}
    	}else{
    		next()	// 放行
    	}
    })

    // 全局后置守卫：初始化时、每次路由切换后执行
    router.afterEach((to,from) => {
    	console.log('afterEach',to,from)
    	if(to.meta.title){ 
    		document.title = to.meta.title //修改网页的title
    	}else{
    		document.title = 'vue_test'
    	}
    })

  2. 独享守卫

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    beforeEnter(to,from,next){
    	console.log('beforeEnter',to,from)
        if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
            next()
        }else{
            alert('暂无权限查看')
        }
    }

  3. 组件内守卫

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    //进入守卫：通过路由规则，进入该组件时被调用
    beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {... next()},

    //离开守卫：通过路由规则，离开该组件时被调用
    beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {... next()},

4.13.1 全局守卫

src/router/index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
const router =  new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			name:'guanyu',
			path:'/about',
			component:About,
			meta:{title:'关于'}
		},
		{
			name:'zhuye',
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			meta:{title:'主页'},
			children:[
				{
					name:'xinwen',
					path:'news',
					component:News,
					meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'}
				},
				{
					name:'xiaoxi',
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
					children:[
						{
							name:'xiangqing',
							path:'detail',
							component:Detail,
							meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},

							//props的第一种写法，值为对象，该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}

							//props的第二种写法，值为布尔值，若布尔值为真，就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数，以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:true

							//props的第三种写法，值为函数
							props($route){
								return {
									id:$route.query.id,
									title:$route.query.title,
									a:1,
									b:'hello'
								}
							}

						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

//全局前置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之前被调用
router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
	console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
	if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
		if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
			next()
		}else{
			alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
		}
	}else{
		next()
	}
})

//全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
	console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
	document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})

export default router

4.13.2 独享守卫

src/router/index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
const router =  new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			name:'guanyu',
			path:'/about',
			component:About,
			meta:{title:'关于'}
		},
		{
			name:'zhuye',
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			meta:{title:'主页'},
			children:[
				{
					name:'xinwen',
					path:'news',
					component:News,
					meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'},
					beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
						console.log('独享路由守卫',to,from)
						if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
							if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
								next()
							}else{
								alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
							}
						}else{
							next()
						}
					}
				},
				{
					name:'xiaoxi',
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
					children:[
						{
							name:'xiangqing',
							path:'detail',
							component:Detail,
							meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},

							//props的第一种写法，值为对象，该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}

							//props的第二种写法，值为布尔值，若布尔值为真，就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数，以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:true

							//props的第三种写法，值为函数
							props($route){
								return {
									id:$route.query.id,
									title:$route.query.title,
									a:1,
									b:'hello'
								}
							}

						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

//全局前置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之前被调用
/* router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
	console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
	if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
		if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
			next()
		}else{
			alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
		}
	}else{
		next()
	}
}) */

//全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
	console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
	document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})

export default router

4.13.3 组件内守卫

src/router/index.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
const router =  new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			name:'guanyu',
			path:'/about',
			component:About,
			meta:{isAuth:true,title:'关于'}
		},
		{
			name:'zhuye',
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			meta:{title:'主页'},
			children:[
				{
					name:'xinwen',
					path:'news',
					component:News,
					meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'},
					/* beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
						console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
						if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
							if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
								next()
							}else{
								alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
							}
						}else{
							next()
						}
					} */
				},
				{
					name:'xiaoxi',
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
					children:[
						{
							name:'xiangqing',
							path:'detail',
							component:Detail,
							meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},

							//props的第一种写法，值为对象，该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}

							//props的第二种写法，值为布尔值，若布尔值为真，就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数，以props的形式传给Detail组件。
							// props:true

							//props的第三种写法，值为函数
							props($route){
								return {
									id:$route.query.id,
									title:$route.query.title,
									a:1,
									b:'hello'
								}
							}

						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

//全局前置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之前被调用
/* router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
	console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
	if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
		if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
			next()
		}else{
			alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
		}
	}else{
		next()
	}
}) */

//全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
	console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
	document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})

export default router

4.14 路由器的两种工作模式

  1. 对于一个url来说，什么是hash值？

    #及其后面的内容就是hash值

  2. hash值不会包含在HTTP请求中，即：hash值不会带给服务器

  3. hash模式

    1. 地址中永远带着#号，不美观
    2. 若以后将地址通过第三方手机app分享，若app校验严格，则地址会被标记为不合法
    3. 兼容性较好

  4. history模式

    1. 地址干净，美观
    2. 兼容性和hash模式相比略差
    3. 应用部署上线时需要后端人员支持，解决刷新页面服务端404的问题
1
2
3
4
5
6
const router =  new VueRouter({
	mode:'history',
	routes:[...]
})

export default router

4.15 Vue UI 组件库

4.15.1 常用UI组件库

4.15.1.1 移动端常用UI组件库

  1. Vant
  2. Cube UI
  3. Mint UI
  4. NutUI

4.15.1.2 PC端常用UI组件库

  1. Element UI
  2. IView UI

4.15.2 element-ui基本使用

安装 element-ui：npm i element-ui -S

main.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'

//完整引入
//引入ElementUI组件库
// import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
//引入ElementUI全部样式
// import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';

//按需引入
import { Button,Row,DatePicker } from 'element-ui';

//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

//应用ElementUI
// Vue.use(ElementUI);
Vue.component('atguigu-button', Button);
Vue.component('atguigu-row', Row);
Vue.component('atguigu-date-picker', DatePicker);

//创建vm
new Vue({
	el:'#app',
	render: h => h(App),
})

App.vue

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
<template>
  <div>
		<button>原生的按钮</button>
		<input type="text">
		<atguigu-row>
			<el-button>默认按钮</el-button>
			<el-button type="primary">主要按钮</el-button>
			<el-button type="success">成功按钮</el-button>
			<el-button type="info">信息按钮</el-button>
			<el-button type="warning">警告按钮</el-button>
			<el-button type="danger">危险按钮</el-button>
		</atguigu-row>
		<atguigu-date-picker
      type="date"
      placeholder="选择日期">
    </atguigu-date-picker>
		<atguigu-row>
			<el-button icon="el-icon-search" circle></el-button>
			<el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-s-check" circle></el-button>
			<el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check" circle></el-button>
			<el-button type="info" icon="el-icon-message" circle></el-button>
			<el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off" circle></el-button>
			<el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" circle></el-button>
		</atguigu-row>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'App',
	}
</script>

4.15.3 element-ui按需引入

安装 babel-plugin-component npm i babel-plugin-component -D

修改 babel-config-js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
module.exports = {
  presets: [
    '@vue/cli-plugin-babel/preset',
    ["@babel/preset-env", { "modules": false }]
  ],
  plugins: [
    [
      "component",
      {        
        "libraryName": "element-ui",
        "styleLibraryName": "theme-chalk"
      }
    ]
  ]
}

main.js

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import { Button,Row } from 'element-ui'	// 按需引入

Vue.config.productionTip = false

Vue.component(Button.name, Button);
Vue.component(Row.name, Row);
/* 或写为
 * Vue.use(Button)
 * Vue.use(Row)
 */

new Vue({
    el:"#app",
    render: h => h(App),
})