2 Vue2

2.1 初始化脚手架

2.1.1 说明

  1. Vue脚手架是Vue官方提供的标准化开发工具(开发平台)
  2. 最新的版本是 4.x
  3. 文档 VueCLI
  4. 目前已经 Vue CLI已经被弃用了,Vue官方开发并推荐Vite

2.1.2 具体步骤

  1. 如果下载缓慢请配置npm淘宝镜像npm config set registry http://registry.npm.taobao.org
  2. 全局安装 @vue/cli npm install -g @vue/cli
  3. 切换到创建项目的目录,使用命令创建项目vue create xxx
  4. 选择使用vue的版本
  5. 启动项目npm run serve
  6. 打包项目npm run build
  7. 暂停项目 Ctrl+C

Vue脚手架隐藏了所有webpack相关的配置,若想查看具体的webpack配置,请执行vue inspect > output.js

2.1.3 脚手架文件结构

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.文件目录
├── node_modules
├── public
│ ├── favicon.ico: 页签图标
│ └── index.html: 主页面
├── src
│ ├── assets: 存放静态资源
│ │ └── logo.png
│ │── component: 存放组件
│ │ └── HelloWorld.vue
│ │── App.vue: 汇总所有组件
│ └── main.js: 入口文件
├── .gitignore: git版本管制忽略的配置
├── babel.config.js: babel的配置文件
├── package.json: 应用包配置文件
├── README.md: 应用描述文件
└── package-lock.json: 包版本控制文件

public/index.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">

<!-- 针对IE浏览器的特殊配置,含义是让IE浏览器以最高渲染级别渲染页面 -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<!-- 开启移动端的理想端口 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<!-- 配置页签图标 <%= BASE_URL %>是public所在路径,使用绝对路径 -->
<link rel="icon" href="<%= BASE_URL %>favicon.ico">

<!-- 配置网页标题 -->
<title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
</head>
<body>

<!-- 当浏览器不支持js时,noscript中的元素就会被渲染 -->
<noscript>
<strong>We're sorry but <%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %> doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.</strong>
</noscript>

<!-- 容器 -->
<div id="app"></div>
</body>
</html>

src/main.js

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// 该文件是整个项目的入口文件

import Vue from 'vue' // 引入Vue
import App from './App.vue' // 引入App组件,它是所有组件的父组件

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App), // render函数完成了这个功能:将App组件放入容器中
})// .$mount('#app')

src/App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<img src="./assets/logo.png" alt="">
<School></School>
<Student></Student>
</div>
</template>

<script>
// 引入组件
import School from './components/School.vue'
import Student from './components/Student.vue'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{ School, Student }
}
</script>

src/components/School.vue

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<template>
<div class="demo">
<h2>学校名称:{{ name }}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{ address }}</h2>
<button @click="showName">点我提示学校名</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name: "School",
data() {
return {
name: "UESTC",
address: "成都",
};
},
methods: {showName() {alert(this.name);},},
};
</script>

<style>
.demo {background-color: orange;}
</style>

src/components/Student.vue

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<template>
<div class="demo">
<h2>学校名称:{{ name }}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{ address }}</h2>
<button @click="showName">点我提示学校名</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name: "School",
data() {
return {
name: "UESTC",
address: "成都",
};
},
methods: {showName() {alert(this.name);},},
};
</script>

<style>
.demo {background-color: orange;}
</style>

2.1.4 render 函数

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import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
el:'#app',
// render函数功能:将App组件放入容器中
// 简写形式
render: h => h(App),
// 完整形式
// render(createElement){
// return createElement(App)
// }
})

2.1.5 关于不同版本的函数

  1. vue.jsvue.runtime.xxx.js的区别
    • vue.js 是完整版的Vue,包含:核心功能+模板解析器
    • vue.runtime.xxx.js 是运行版的Vue,只包含核心功能,没有模板解析器
    • esm 就是 ES6 module
  2. 因为 vue.runtime.xxx.js 没有模板解析器,所以不能使用template配置项,需要使用render函数接收到的createElement函数去指定具体内容

2.1.6 vue.config.js 配置文件

  1. vue inspect > output.js可以查看到Vue脚手架的默认配置
  2. 使用vue.config.js可以对脚手架进行个性化定制,和package.json同级目录,详见 配置参考Vue CLI
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module.exports = {
pages: {
index: {
entry: 'src/index/main.js' // 入口
}
},
lineOnSave: false // 关闭语法检查
}

2.1.7 综合代码

main.js

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/* 
该文件是整个项目的入口文件
*/
//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App组件,它是所有组件的父组件
import App from './App.vue'
//关闭vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

/*
关于不同版本的Vue:

1.vue.js与vue.runtime.xxx.js的区别:
(1).vue.js是完整版的Vue,包含:核心功能+模板解析器。
(2).vue.runtime.xxx.js是运行版的Vue,只包含:核心功能;没有模板解析器。

2.因为vue.runtime.xxx.js没有模板解析器,所以不能使用template配置项,需要使用
render函数接收到的createElement函数去指定具体内容。
*/

//创建Vue实例对象---vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
//render函数完成了这个功能:将App组件放入容器中
render: h => h(App),
// render:q=> q('h1','你好啊')

// template:`<h1>你好啊</h1>`,
// components:{App},
})

App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<img src="./assets/logo.png" alt="logo">
<School></School>
<Student></Student>
</div>
</template>

<script>
//引入组件
import School from './components/School'
import Student from './components/Student'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{
School,
Student
}
}
</script>

School.vue

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<template>
<div class="demo">
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
<button @click="showName">点我提示学校名</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data(){
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京昌平'
}
},
methods: {
showName(){
alert(this.name)
}
},
}
</script>

<style>
.demo{
background-color: orange;
}
</style>

Student.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生年龄:{{age}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data(){
return {
name:'张三',
age:18
}
}
}
</script>

2.2 ref 属性

ref被用来给元素或子组件注册引用信息(id的替代者)

  • 应用在html标签上获取的是真实DOM元素,应用在组件标签上获取的是组件实例对象vc
  • 使用方式
    • 打标识:<h1 ref="xxx"></h1><School ref="xxx"></School>
    • 获取:this.$refs.xxx

School.vue

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<template>
<div class="school">
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京·昌平'
}
},
}
</script>

<style>
.school{
background-color: gray;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h1 v-text="msg" ref="title"></h1>
<button ref="btn" @click="showDOM">点我输出上方的DOM元素</button>
<School ref="sch"/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
//引入School组件
import School from './components/School'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{School},
data() {
return {
msg:'欢迎学习Vue!'
}
},
methods: {
showDOM(){
console.log(this.$refs.title) //真实DOM元素
console.log(this.$refs.btn) //真实DOM元素
console.log(this.$refs.sch) //School组件的实例对象(vc)
}
},
}
</script>

2.3 props 配置项

props让组件接收外部传过来的数据

  • 传递数据<Demo name="xxx" :age="18"/>这里age前加:,通过v-bind使得里面的18是数字
  • 接收数据
    • 第一种方式(只接收)props:['name', 'age']
    • 第二种方式(限制类型)props:{name:String, age:Number}
    • 第三种方式(限制类型、限制必要性、指定默认值)

使用方式:

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props: {
name: {
type: String, // 类型
required: true,// 必要性
default: 'cess'// 默认值
}
}

Student.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<h2>学生年龄:{{myAge+1}}</h2>
<button @click="updateAge">尝试修改收到的年龄</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
console.log(this)
return {
msg:'我是一个尚硅谷的学生',
myAge:this.age
}
},
methods: {
updateAge(){
this.myAge++
}
},
//简单声明接收
// props:['name','age','sex']

//接收的同时对数据进行类型限制
/* props:{
name:String,
age:Number,
sex:String
} */

//接收的同时对数据:进行类型限制+默认值的指定+必要性的限制
props:{
name:{
type:String, //name的类型是字符串
required:true, //name是必要的
},
age:{
type:Number,
default:99 //默认值
},
sex:{
type:String,
required:true
}
}
}
</script>

App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<Student name="李四" sex="女" :age="18"/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Student from './components/Student'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{Student}
}
</script>

2.4 mixin 混入

  1. 功能:可以把多个组件共用的配置提取成一个混入对象

  2. 使用方式

    • 定义混入

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      const mixin = {
      data() {....},
      methods: {....}
      ....
      }
    • 功能:可以把多个组件共用的配置提取成一个混入对象

    • 使用混入

      • 全局混入Vue.mixin(xxx)
      • 局部混入mixins:['xxx']
  3. 备注

    1. 组件和混入对象含有同名选项时,这些选项将以恰当的方式进行“合并”,在发生冲突时以组件优先

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      var mixin = {
      data: function () {
      return {
      message: 'hello',
      foo: 'abc'
      }
      }
      }

      new Vue({
      mixins: [mixin],
      data () {
      return {
      message: 'goodbye',
      bar: 'def'
      }
      },
      created () {
      console.log(this.$data)
      // => { message: "goodbye", foo: "abc", bar: "def" }
      }
      })
    2. 同名生命周期钩子将合并为一个数组,因此都将被调用。另外,混入对象的钩子将在组件自身钩子之前调用

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      var mixin = {
      created () {
      console.log('混入对象的钩子被调用')
      }
      }

      new Vue({
      mixins: [mixin],
      created () {
      console.log('组件钩子被调用')
      }
      })

      // => "混入对象的钩子被调用"
      // => "组件钩子被调用"

mixin.js

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export const hunhe = {
methods: {
showName(){
alert(this.name)
}
},
mounted() {
console.log('你好啊!')
},
}
export const hunhe2 = {
data() {
return {
x:100,
y:200
}
},
}

main.js

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//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//引入mixin
import {hunhe,hunhe2} from './mixin'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

Vue.mixin(hunhe)
Vue.mixin(hunhe2)


//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App)
})

Student.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h2 @click="showName">学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
// import {hunhe,hunhe2} from '../mixin'

export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'张三',
sex:'男'
}
},
// mixins:[hunhe,hunhe2]
}
</script>

School.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h2 @click="showName">学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
//引入一个hunhe
// import {hunhe,hunhe2} from '../mixin'

export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京',
x:666
}
},
// mixins:[hunhe,hunhe2],
}
</script>

App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<School/>
<hr>
<Student/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import School from './components/School'
import Student from './components/Student'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{School,Student}
}
</script>

2.5 plugin 插件

  1. 功能:用于增强Vue
  2. 本质:包含install方法的一个对象,install的第一个参数是Vue,第二个以后的参数是插件使用者传递的数据
  3. 定义插件(见下 src/plugin.js
  4. 使用插件:Vue.use()

plugin.js

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export default {
install(Vue,x,y,z){
console.log(x,y,z)
//全局过滤器
Vue.filter('mySlice',function(value){
return value.slice(0,4)
})

//定义全局指令
Vue.directive('fbind',{
//指令与元素成功绑定时(一上来)
bind(element,binding){
element.value = binding.value
},
//指令所在元素被插入页面时
inserted(element,binding){
element.focus()
},
//指令所在的模板被重新解析时
update(element,binding){
element.value = binding.value
}
})

//定义混入
Vue.mixin({
data() {
return {
x:100,
y:200
}
},
})

//给Vue原型上添加一个方法(vm和vc就都能用了)
Vue.prototype.hello = ()=>{alert('你好啊')}
}
}

main.js

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//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//引入插件
import plugins from './plugins'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

//应用(使用)插件
Vue.use(plugins,1,2,3)
//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App)
})

Student.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<input type="text" v-fbind:value="name">
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'张三',
sex:'男'
}
},
}
</script>

School.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h2>学校名称:{{name | mySlice}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
<button @click="test">点我测试一个hello方法</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷atguigu',
address:'北京',
}
},
methods: {
test(){
this.hello()
}
},
}
</script>

App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<School/>
<hr>
<Student/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import School from './components/School'
import Student from './components/Student'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{School,Student}
}
</script>

2.6 scoped样式

  1. 作用:让样式在局部生效,防止冲突
  2. 写法:<style scoped>

Vue2中的webpack并没有安装最新版,导致有些插件也不能默认安装最新版,如 npm i less-loader@7,而不是最新版

Student.vue

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<template>
<div class="demo">
<h2 class="title">学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2 class="atguigu">学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'张三',
sex:'男'
}
}
}
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.demo{
background-color: pink;
.atguigu{
font-size: 40px;
}
}
</style>

School.vue

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<template>
<div class="demo">
<h2 class="title">学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷atguigu',
address:'北京',
}
}
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.demo{
background-color: skyblue;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<h1 class="title">你好啊</h1>
<School/>
<Student/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Student from './components/Student'
import School from './components/School'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{School,Student}
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.title{
color: red;
}
</style>

2.7 Todo-List 案例

组件化编码流程

  1. 拆分静态组件:组件要按照功能点拆分,命名不要与html元素冲突
  2. 实现动态组件:考虑好数据的存放位置,数据是一个组件在用,还是一些组件在用
    • 一个组件在用:放在组件自身即可
    • 一些组件在用:放在他们共同的父组件上(状态提升)
  3. 实现交互:从绑定事件开始

props适用于

  • 父组件 ==> 子组件 通信
  • 子组件 ==> 父组件 通信(要求父组件先给子组件一个函数)

使用v-model时要切记:v-model绑定的值不能是props传过来的值,因为props是不可以修改的

props传过来的若是对象类型的值,修改对象中的属性时Vue不会报错,但不推荐这样做

MyHeader.vue

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<template>
<div class="todo-header">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入你的任务名称,按回车键确认" v-model="title" @keyup.enter="add"/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
export default {
name:'MyHeader',
//接收从App传递过来的addTodo
props:['addTodo'],
data() {
return {
//收集用户输入的title
title:''
}
},
methods: {
add(){
//校验数据
if(!this.title.trim()) return alert('输入不能为空')
//将用户的输入包装成一个todo对象
const todoObj = {id:nanoid(),title:this.title,done:false}
//通知App组件去添加一个todo对象
this.addTodo(todoObj)
//清空输入
this.title = ''
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*header*/
.todo-header input {
width: 560px;
height: 28px;
font-size: 14px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 4px;
padding: 4px 7px;
}

.todo-header input:focus {
outline: none;
border-color: rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.8);
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.6);
}
</style>

MyItem.vue

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<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @change="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<!-- 如下代码也能实现功能,但是不太推荐,因为有点违反原则,因为修改了props -->
<!-- <input type="checkbox" v-model="todo.done"/> -->
<span>{{todo.title}}</span>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id)">删除</button>
</li>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'MyItem',
//声明接收todo、checkTodo、deleteTodo
props:['todo','checkTodo','deleteTodo'],
methods: {
//勾选or取消勾选
handleCheck(id){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象的done值取反
this.checkTodo(id)
},
//删除
handleDelete(id){
if(confirm('确定删除吗?')){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象删除
this.deleteTodo(id)
}
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*item*/
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}

li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}

li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}

li:before {
content: initial;
}

li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}

li:hover{
background-color: #ddd;
}

li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>

MyList.vue

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<template>
<ul class="todo-main">
<MyItem
v-for="todoObj in todos"
:key="todoObj.id"
:todo="todoObj"
:checkTodo="checkTodo"
:deleteTodo="deleteTodo"
/>
</ul>
</template>

<script>
import MyItem from './MyItem'

export default {
name:'MyList',
components:{MyItem},
//声明接收App传递过来的数据,其中todos是自己用的,checkTodo和deleteTodo是给子组件MyItem用的
props:['todos','checkTodo','deleteTodo']
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*main*/
.todo-main {
margin-left: 0px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 2px;
padding: 0px;
}

.todo-empty {
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 2px;
padding-left: 5px;
margin-top: 10px;
}
</style>

MyFooter.vue

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<template>
<div class="todo-footer" v-show="total">
<label>
<!-- <input type="checkbox" :checked="isAll" @change="checkAll"/> -->
<input type="checkbox" v-model="isAll"/>
</label>
<span>
<span>已完成{{doneTotal}}</span> / 全部{{total}}
</span>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="clearAll">清除已完成任务</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'MyFooter',
props:['todos','checkAllTodo','clearAllTodo'],
computed: {
//总数
total(){
return this.todos.length
},
//已完成数
doneTotal(){
//此处使用reduce方法做条件统计
/* const x = this.todos.reduce((pre,current)=>{
console.log('@',pre,current)
return pre + (current.done ? 1 : 0)
},0) */
//简写
return this.todos.reduce((pre,todo)=> pre + (todo.done ? 1 : 0) ,0)
},
//控制全选框
isAll:{
//全选框是否勾选
get(){
return this.doneTotal === this.total && this.total > 0
},
//isAll被修改时set被调用
set(value){
this.checkAllTodo(value)
}
}
},
methods: {
/* checkAll(e){
this.checkAllTodo(e.target.checked)
} */
//清空所有已完成
clearAll(){
this.clearAllTodo()
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*footer*/
.todo-footer {
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
padding-left: 6px;
margin-top: 5px;
}

.todo-footer label {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: 20px;
cursor: pointer;
}

.todo-footer label input {
position: relative;
top: -1px;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 5px;
}

.todo-footer button {
float: right;
margin-top: 5px;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader :addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos" :checkTodo="checkTodo" :deleteTodo="deleteTodo"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" :checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" :clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader'
import MyList from './components/MyList'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter},
data() {
return {
//由于todos是MyHeader组件和MyFooter组件都在使用,所以放在App中(状态提升)
todos:[
{id:'001',title:'抽烟',done:true},
{id:'002',title:'喝酒',done:false},
{id:'003',title:'开车',done:true}
]
}
},
methods: {
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter( todo => todo.id !== id )
},
//全选or取消全选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
todo.done = done
})
},
//清除所有已经完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter((todo)=>{
return !todo.done
})
}
}
}
</script>

<style>
/*base*/
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>

2.8 WebStorage

2.8.1 WebStorage

存储内容大小一般支持 5MB 左右(不同浏览器可能还不一样)

浏览器端通过Window.sessionStorageWindow.localStorage属性来实现本地存储机制

相关API

  • xxxStorage.setItem('key', 'value')该方法接受一个键和值作为参数,会把键值对添加到存储中,如果键名存在,则更新其对应的值
  • xxxStorage.getItem('key')该方法接受一个键名作为参数,返回键名对应的值
  • xxxStorage.removeItem('key')该方法接受一个键名作为参数,并把该键名从存储中删除
  • xxxStorage.clear()该方法会清空存储中的所有数据

备注

  • SessionStorage存储的内容会随着浏览器窗口关闭而消失
  • LocalStorage存储的内容,需要手动清除才会消失
  • xxxStorage.getItem(xxx)如果 xxx 对应的 value 获取不到,那么getItem()的返回值是null
  • JSON.parse(null)的结果依然是null

localStorage.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>localStorage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>localStorage</h2>
<button onclick="saveData()">点我保存一个数据</button>
<button onclick="readData()">点我读取一个数据</button>
<button onclick="deleteData()">点我删除一个数据</button>
<button onclick="deleteAllData()">点我清空一个数据</button>

<script type="text/javascript" >
let p = {name:'张三',age:18}

function saveData(){
localStorage.setItem('msg','hello!!!')
localStorage.setItem('msg2',666)
localStorage.setItem('person',JSON.stringify(p))
}
function readData(){
console.log(localStorage.getItem('msg'))
console.log(localStorage.getItem('msg2'))

const result = localStorage.getItem('person')
console.log(JSON.parse(result))

// console.log(localStorage.getItem('msg3'))
}
function deleteData(){
localStorage.removeItem('msg2')
}
function deleteAllData(){
localStorage.clear()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

sessionStorage.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>sessionStorage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>sessionStorage</h2>
<button onclick="saveData()">点我保存一个数据</button>
<button onclick="readData()">点我读取一个数据</button>
<button onclick="deleteData()">点我删除一个数据</button>
<button onclick="deleteAllData()">点我清空一个数据</button>

<script type="text/javascript" >
let p = {name:'张三',age:18}

function saveData(){
sessionStorage.setItem('msg','hello!!!')
sessionStorage.setItem('msg2',666)
sessionStorage.setItem('person',JSON.stringify(p))
}
function readData(){
console.log(sessionStorage.getItem('msg'))
console.log(sessionStorage.getItem('msg2'))

const result = sessionStorage.getItem('person')
console.log(JSON.parse(result))

// console.log(sessionStorage.getItem('msg3'))
}
function deleteData(){
sessionStorage.removeItem('msg2')
}
function deleteAllData(){
sessionStorage.clear()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

2.8.2 使用本地存储优化Todo-List

App.vue

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<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader :addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos" :checkTodo="checkTodo" :deleteTodo="deleteTodo"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" :checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" :clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader'
import MyList from './components/MyList'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter},
data() {
return {
//由于todos是MyHeader组件和MyFooter组件都在使用,所以放在App中(状态提升)
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods: {
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter( todo => todo.id !== id )
},
//全选or取消全选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
todo.done = done
})
},
//清除所有已经完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter((todo)=>{
return !todo.done
})
}
},
watch: {
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
},
}
</script>

<style>
/*base*/
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>

2.9 组件的自定义事件

2.9.1 组件的自定义事件

  1. 一种组件间通信的方式,适用于:子组件 ===> 父组件

  2. 使用场景:子组件想给父组件传数据,那么就要在父组件中给子组件绑定自定义事件(事件的回调在A中)

  3. 绑定自定义事件

    1. 第一种方式,在父组件中<Demo @事件名="方法"/><Demo v-on:事件名="方法"/>

    2. 第二种方式,在父组件中this.$refs.demo.$on('事件名',方法)

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      <Demo ref="demo"/>
      ......
      mounted(){
      this.$refs.demo.$on('atguigu',this.test)
      }
    3. 若想让自定义事件只能触发一次,可以使用once修饰符,或$once方法
      触发

  4. 自定义事件this.$emit('事件名',数据)

  5. 解绑自定义事件this.$off('事件名')

  6. 组件上也可以绑定原生DOM事件,需要使用native修饰符 @click.native="show"上面绑定自定义事件,即使绑定的是原生事件也会被认为是自定义的,需要加native,加了后就将此事件给组件的根元素

  7. 注意:通过this.$refs.xxx.$on('事件名',回调函数)绑定自定义事件时,回调函数要么配置在methods中,要么用箭头函数,否则 this 指向会出问题

School.vue

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<template>
<div class="school">
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
<button @click="sendSchoolName">把学校名给App</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'School',
props:['getSchoolName'],
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京',
}
},
methods: {
sendSchoolName(){
this.getSchoolName(this.name)
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.school{
background-color: skyblue;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>

Student.vue

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<template>
<div class="student">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<h2>当前求和为:{{number}}</h2>
<button @click="add">点我number++</button>
<button @click="sendStudentlName">把学生名给App</button>
<button @click="unbind">解绑atguigu事件</button>
<button @click="death">销毁当前Student组件的实例(vc)</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'张三',
sex:'男',
number:0
}
},
methods: {
add(){
console.log('add回调被调用了')
this.number++
},
sendStudentlName(){
//触发Student组件实例身上的atguigu事件
this.$emit('atguigu',this.name,666,888,900)
// this.$emit('demo')
// this.$emit('click')
},
unbind(){
this.$off('atguigu') //解绑一个自定义事件
// this.$off(['atguigu','demo']) //解绑多个自定义事件
// this.$off() //解绑所有的自定义事件
},
death(){
this.$destroy() //销毁了当前Student组件的实例,销毁后所有Student实例的自定义事件全都不奏效。
}
},
}
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.student{
background-color: pink;
padding: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div class="app">
<h1>{{msg}},学生姓名是:{{studentName}}</h1>

<!-- 通过父组件给子组件传递函数类型的props实现:子给父传递数据 -->
<School :getSchoolName="getSchoolName"/>

<!-- 通过父组件给子组件绑定一个自定义事件实现:子给父传递数据(第一种写法,使用@或v-on) -->
<!-- <Student @atguigu="getStudentName" @demo="m1"/> -->

<!-- 通过父组件给子组件绑定一个自定义事件实现:子给父传递数据(第二种写法,使用ref) -->
<Student ref="student" @click.native="show"/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Student from './components/Student'
import School from './components/School'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{School,Student},
data() {
return {
msg:'你好啊!',
studentName:''
}
},
methods: {
getSchoolName(name){
console.log('App收到了学校名:',name)
},
getStudentName(name,...params){
console.log('App收到了学生名:',name,params)
this.studentName = name
},
m1(){
console.log('demo事件被触发了!')
},
show(){
alert(123)
}
},
mounted() {
this.$refs.student.$on('atguigu',this.getStudentName) //绑定自定义事件
// this.$refs.student.$once('atguigu',this.getStudentName) //绑定自定义事件(一次性)
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.app{
background-color: gray;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>

2.9.2 使用自定义事件优化Todo-List

MyHeader.vue

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<template>
<div class="todo-header">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入你的任务名称,按回车键确认" v-model="title" @keyup.enter="add"/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
export default {
name:'MyHeader',
data() {
return {
//收集用户输入的title
title:''
}
},
methods: {
add(){
//校验数据
if(!this.title.trim()) return alert('输入不能为空')
//将用户的输入包装成一个todo对象
const todoObj = {id:nanoid(),title:this.title,done:false}
//通知App组件去添加一个todo对象
this.$emit('addTodo',todoObj,1,2,3)
//清空输入
this.title = ''
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*header*/
.todo-header input {
width: 560px;
height: 28px;
font-size: 14px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 4px;
padding: 4px 7px;
}

.todo-header input:focus {
outline: none;
border-color: rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.8);
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(82, 168, 236, 0.6);
}
</style>

MyFooter.vue

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<template>
<div class="todo-footer" v-show="total">
<label>
<!-- <input type="checkbox" :checked="isAll" @change="checkAll"/> -->
<input type="checkbox" v-model="isAll"/>
</label>
<span>
<span>已完成{{doneTotal}}</span> / 全部{{total}}
</span>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="clearAll">清除已完成任务</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'MyFooter',
props:['todos'],
computed: {
//总数
total(){
return this.todos.length
},
//已完成数
doneTotal(){
//此处使用reduce方法做条件统计
/* const x = this.todos.reduce((pre,current)=>{
console.log('@',pre,current)
return pre + (current.done ? 1 : 0)
},0) */
//简写
return this.todos.reduce((pre,todo)=> pre + (todo.done ? 1 : 0) ,0)
},
//控制全选框
isAll:{
//全选框是否勾选
get(){
return this.doneTotal === this.total && this.total > 0
},
//isAll被修改时set被调用
set(value){
// this.checkAllTodo(value)
this.$emit('checkAllTodo',value)
}
}
},
methods: {
/* checkAll(e){
this.checkAllTodo(e.target.checked)
} */
//清空所有已完成
clearAll(){
// this.clearAllTodo()
this.$emit('clearAllTodo')
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*footer*/
.todo-footer {
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
padding-left: 6px;
margin-top: 5px;
}

.todo-footer label {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: 20px;
cursor: pointer;
}

.todo-footer label input {
position: relative;
top: -1px;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 5px;
}

.todo-footer button {
float: right;
margin-top: 5px;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader @addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos" :checkTodo="checkTodo" :deleteTodo="deleteTodo"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" @checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" @clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader'
import MyList from './components/MyList'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter},
data() {
return {
//由于todos是MyHeader组件和MyFooter组件都在使用,所以放在App中(状态提升)
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods: {
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter( todo => todo.id !== id )
},
//全选or取消全选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
todo.done = done
})
},
//清除所有已经完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter((todo)=>{
return !todo.done
})
}
},
watch: {
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
},
}
</script>

<style>
/*base*/
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>

2.10 全局事件总线(GlobalEventBus

2.10.1 全局事件总线

一种可以在任意组件间通信的方式,本质上就是一个对象,它必须满足以下条件

  1. 所有的组件对象都必须能看见他
  2. 这个对象必须能够使用$on $emit $off方法去绑定、触发和解绑事件

使用步骤

  1. 定义全局事件总线

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    new Vue({
    ...
    beforeCreate() {
    Vue.prototype.$bus = this // 安装全局事件总线,$bus 就是当前应用的 vm
    },
    ...
    })
  2. 使用事件总线

    • 接收数据:A组件想接收数据,则在A组件中给$bus绑定自定义事件,事件的回调留在A组件自身
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    export default {
    methods(){
    demo(data){...}
    }
    ...
    mounted() {
    this.$bus.$on('xxx',this.demo)
    }
    }
    • 提供数据:this.$bus.$emit('xxx',data)
  3. 最好在beforeDestroy钩子中,用$off()去解绑当前组件所用到的事件

main.js

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//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this //安装全局事件总线
},
})

Student.vue

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<template>
<div class="student">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<button @click="sendStudentName">把学生名给School组件</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'张三',
sex:'男',
}
},
mounted() {
// console.log('Student',this.x)
},
methods: {
sendStudentName(){
this.$bus.$emit('hello',this.name)
}
},
}
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.student{
background-color: pink;
padding: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>

School.vue

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<template>
<div class="school">
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京',
}
},
mounted() {
// console.log('School',this)
this.$bus.$on('hello',(data)=>{
console.log('我是School组件,收到了数据',data)
})
},
beforeDestroy() {
this.$bus.$off('hello')
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.school{
background-color: skyblue;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div class="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<School/>
<Student/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Student from './components/Student'
import School from './components/School'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{School,Student},
data() {
return {
msg:'你好啊!',
}
}
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.app{
background-color: gray;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>

2.10.2 使用全局事件总线优化Todo-List

main.js

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//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
},
})

MyItem.vue

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<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @change="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<!-- 如下代码也能实现功能,但是不太推荐,因为有点违反原则,因为修改了props -->
<!-- <input type="checkbox" v-model="todo.done"/> -->
<span>{{todo.title}}</span>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id)">删除</button>
</li>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'MyItem',
//声明接收todo
props:['todo'],
methods: {
//勾选or取消勾选
handleCheck(id){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象的done值取反
// this.checkTodo(id)
this.$bus.$emit('checkTodo',id)
},
//删除
handleDelete(id){
if(confirm('确定删除吗?')){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象删除
// this.deleteTodo(id)
this.$bus.$emit('deleteTodo',id)
}
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*item*/
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}

li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}

li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}

li:before {
content: initial;
}

li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}

li:hover{
background-color: #ddd;
}

li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader @addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" @checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" @clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader'
import MyList from './components/MyList'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter.vue'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter},
data() {
return {
//由于todos是MyHeader组件和MyFooter组件都在使用,所以放在App中(状态提升)
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods: {
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter( todo => todo.id !== id )
},
//全选or取消全选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
todo.done = done
})
},
//清除所有已经完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter((todo)=>{
return !todo.done
})
}
},
watch: {
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
},
mounted() {
this.$bus.$on('checkTodo',this.checkTodo)
this.$bus.$on('deleteTodo',this.deleteTodo)
},
beforeDestroy() {
this.$bus.$off('checkTodo')
this.$bus.$off('deleteTodo')
},
}
</script>

<style>
/*base*/
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>

2.11 消息的订阅与发布(基本不用)

2.11.1 消息的订阅与发布

消息订阅与发布(pubsub)消息订阅与发布是一种组件间通信的方式,适用于任意组件间通信

使用步骤

  1. 安装pubsub:npm i pubsub-js

  2. 引入:import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'

  3. 接收数据:A组件想接收数据,则在A组件中订阅消息,订阅的回调留在A组件自身

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    export default {
    methods: {
    demo(msgName, data) {...}
    }
    ...
    mounted() {
    this.pid = pubsub.subscribe('xxx',this.demo)
    }
    }
  4. 提供数据:pubsub.publish('xxx',data)

  5. 最好在beforeDestroy钩子中,使用pubsub.unsubscribe(pid)取消订阅

Student.vue

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<template>
<div class="student">
<h2>学生姓名:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学生性别:{{sex}}</h2>
<button @click="sendStudentName">把学生名给School组件</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'Student',
data() {
return {
name:'张三',
sex:'男',
}
},
mounted() {
// console.log('Student',this.x)
},
methods: {
sendStudentName(){
// this.$bus.$emit('hello',this.name)
pubsub.publish('hello',666)
}
},
}
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.student{
background-color: pink;
padding: 5px;
margin-top: 30px;
}
</style>

School.vue

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<template>
<div class="school">
<h2>学校名称:{{name}}</h2>
<h2>学校地址:{{address}}</h2>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'School',
data() {
return {
name:'尚硅谷',
address:'北京',
}
},
mounted() {
// console.log('School',this)
/* this.$bus.$on('hello',(data)=>{
console.log('我是School组件,收到了数据',data)
}) */
this.pubId = pubsub.subscribe('hello',(msgName,data)=>{
console.log(this)
// console.log('有人发布了hello消息,hello消息的回调执行了',msgName,data)
})
},
beforeDestroy() {
// this.$bus.$off('hello')
pubsub.unsubscribe(this.pubId)
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.school{
background-color: skyblue;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>

2.11.2 使用消息的订阅与发布优化Todo-List

MyItem.vue

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<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @change="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<!-- 如下代码也能实现功能,但是不太推荐,因为有点违反原则,因为修改了props -->
<!-- <input type="checkbox" v-model="todo.done"/> -->
<span>{{todo.title}}</span>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id)">删除</button>
</li>
</template>

<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'MyItem',
//声明接收todo
props:['todo'],
methods: {
//勾选or取消勾选
handleCheck(id){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象的done值取反
// this.checkTodo(id)
this.$bus.$emit('checkTodo',id)
},
//删除
handleDelete(id){
if(confirm('确定删除吗?')){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象删除
// this.deleteTodo(id)
// this.$bus.$emit('deleteTodo',id)
pubsub.publish('deleteTodo',id)
}
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*item*/
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}

li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}

li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}

li:before {
content: initial;
}

li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}

li:hover{
background-color: #ddd;
}

li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div id="root">
<div class="todo-container">
<div class="todo-wrap">
<MyHeader @addTodo="addTodo"/>
<MyList :todos="todos"/>
<MyFooter :todos="todos" @checkAllTodo="checkAllTodo" @clearAllTodo="clearAllTodo"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
import MyHeader from './components/MyHeader'
import MyList from './components/MyList'
import MyFooter from './components/MyFooter'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{MyHeader,MyList,MyFooter},
data() {
return {
//由于todos是MyHeader组件和MyFooter组件都在使用,所以放在App中(状态提升)
todos:JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('todos')) || []
}
},
methods: {
//添加一个todo
addTodo(todoObj){
this.todos.unshift(todoObj)
},
//勾选or取消勾选一个todo
checkTodo(id){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
if(todo.id === id) todo.done = !todo.done
})
},
//删除一个todo
deleteTodo(_,id){
this.todos = this.todos.filter( todo => todo.id !== id )
},
//全选or取消全选
checkAllTodo(done){
this.todos.forEach((todo)=>{
todo.done = done
})
},
//清除所有已经完成的todo
clearAllTodo(){
this.todos = this.todos.filter((todo)=>{
return !todo.done
})
}
},
watch: {
todos:{
deep:true,
handler(value){
localStorage.setItem('todos',JSON.stringify(value))
}
}
},
mounted() {
this.$bus.$on('checkTodo',this.checkTodo)
this.pubId = pubsub.subscribe('deleteTodo',this.deleteTodo)
},
beforeDestroy() {
this.$bus.$off('checkTodo')
pubsub.unsubscribe(this.pubId)
},
}
</script>

<style>
/*base*/
body {
background: #fff;
}
.btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 4px 12px;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 20px;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.btn-danger {
color: #fff;
background-color: #da4f49;
border: 1px solid #bd362f;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
color: #fff;
background-color: #bd362f;
}
.btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
.todo-container {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.todo-container .todo-wrap {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>

2.12 $nextTick

这是一个生命周期钩子
this.$nextTick(回调函数)在下一次DOM更新结束后执行其指定的回调
什么时候用:当改变数据后,要基于更新后的新DOM进行某些操作时,要在nextTick所指定的回调函数中执行
使用

$nextTick 优化 Todo-List

App.vue

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<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @change="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<!-- 如下代码也能实现功能,但是不太推荐,因为有点违反原则,因为修改了props -->
<!-- <input type="checkbox" v-model="todo.done"/> -->
<span v-show="!todo.isEdit">{{todo.title}}</span>
<input
type="text"
v-show="todo.isEdit"
:value="todo.title"
@blur="handleBlur(todo,$event)"
ref="inputTitle"
>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id)">删除</button>
<button v-show="!todo.isEdit" class="btn btn-edit" @click="handleEdit(todo)">编辑</button>
</li>
</template>

<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'MyItem',
//声明接收todo
props:['todo'],
methods: {
//勾选or取消勾选
handleCheck(id){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象的done值取反
// this.checkTodo(id)
this.$bus.$emit('checkTodo',id)
},
//删除
handleDelete(id){
if(confirm('确定删除吗?')){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象删除
// this.deleteTodo(id)
// this.$bus.$emit('deleteTodo',id)
pubsub.publish('deleteTodo',id)
}
},
//编辑
handleEdit(todo){
if(todo.hasOwnProperty('isEdit')){
todo.isEdit = true
}else{
// console.log('@')
this.$set(todo,'isEdit',true)
}
this.$nextTick(function(){
this.$refs.inputTitle.focus()
})
},
//失去焦点回调(真正执行修改逻辑)
handleBlur(todo,e){
todo.isEdit = false
if(!e.target.value.trim()) return alert('输入不能为空!')
this.$bus.$emit('updateTodo',todo.id,e.target.value)
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*item*/
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}

li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}

li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}

li:before {
content: initial;
}

li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}

li:hover{
background-color: #ddd;
}

li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>

2.13 过渡与动画

2.13.1 过渡与动画

Vue封装的过度与动画:在插入、更新或移除DOM元素时,在合适的时候给元素添加样式类名

写法

  1. 准备好样式

    1. 元素进入的样式
      • v-enter 进入的起点
      • v-enter-active 进入过程中
      • v-enter-to 进入的终点
    2. 元素离开的样式
      • v-leave 离开的起点
      • v-leave-active 离开过程中
      • v-leave-to 离开的终点
  2. 使用<transition>包裹要过度的元素,并配置name属性,此时需要将上面样式名的v换为name

  3. 要让页面一开始就显示动画,需要添加appear

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    <transition name="hello" appear>
    <h1 v-show="isShow">你好啊!</h1>
    </transition>

    <style>
    .hello-enter-active{
    animation: hello 0.5s linear;
    }

    .hello-leave-active{
    animation: hello 0.5s linear reverse;
    }

    @keyframes hello {
    from{
    transform: translateX(-100%);
    }
    to{
    transform: translateX(0px);
    }
    }
    </style>
  4. 备注:若有多个元素需要过度,则需要使用<transition-group>,且每个元素都要指定key值

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    <transition-group name="hello" appear>
    <h1 v-show="!isShow" key="1">你好啊!</h1>
    <h1 v-show="isShow" key="2">尚硅谷!</h1>
    </transition-group>
  5. 第三方动画库Animate.css

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<transition-group appear
name="animate__animated animate__bounce"
enter-active-class="animate__swing"
leave-active-class="animate__backOutUp">
<h1 v-show="!isShow" key="1">你好啊!</h1>
<h1 v-show="isShow" key="2">尚硅谷!</h1>
</transition-group>

main.js

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//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
},
})

Test.vue

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<template>
<div>
<button @click="isShow = !isShow">显示/隐藏</button>
<transition name="hello" appear>
<h1 v-show="isShow">你好啊!</h1>
</transition>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Test',
data() {
return {
isShow:true
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
h1{
background-color: orange;
}

.hello-enter-active{
animation: atguigu 0.5s linear;
}

.hello-leave-active{
animation: atguigu 0.5s linear reverse;
}

@keyframes atguigu {
from{
transform: translateX(-100%);
}
to{
transform: translateX(0px);
}
}
</style>

Test2.vue

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<template>
<div>
<button @click="isShow = !isShow">显示/隐藏</button>
<transition-group name="hello" appear>
<h1 v-show="!isShow" key="1">你好啊!</h1>
<h1 v-show="isShow" key="2">尚硅谷!</h1>
</transition-group>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Test',
data() {
return {
isShow:true
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
h1{
background-color: orange;
}
/* 进入的起点、离开的终点 */
.hello-enter,.hello-leave-to{
transform: translateX(-100%);
}
.hello-enter-active,.hello-leave-active{
transition: 0.5s linear;
}
/* 进入的终点、离开的起点 */
.hello-enter-to,.hello-leave{
transform: translateX(0);
}

</style>

Test3.vue

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<template>
<div>
<button @click="isShow = !isShow">显示/隐藏</button>
<transition-group
appear
name="animate__animated animate__bounce"
enter-active-class="animate__swing"
leave-active-class="animate__backOutUp"
>
<h1 v-show="!isShow" key="1">你好啊!</h1>
<h1 v-show="isShow" key="2">尚硅谷!</h1>
</transition-group>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import 'animate.css'
export default {
name:'Test',
data() {
return {
isShow:true
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
h1{
background-color: orange;
}


</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div>
<Test/>
<Test2/>
<Test3/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Test from './components/Test'
import Test2 from './components/Test2'
import Test3 from './components/Test3'

export default {
name:'App',
components:{Test,Test2,Test3},
}
</script>

2.13.2 使用动画优化 Todo-List

MyItem.vue

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<template>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" :checked="todo.done" @change="handleCheck(todo.id)"/>
<!-- 如下代码也能实现功能,但是不太推荐,因为有点违反原则,因为修改了props -->
<!-- <input type="checkbox" v-model="todo.done"/> -->
<span v-show="!todo.isEdit">{{todo.title}}</span>
<input
type="text"
v-show="todo.isEdit"
:value="todo.title"
@blur="handleBlur(todo,$event)"
ref="inputTitle"
>
</label>
<button class="btn btn-danger" @click="handleDelete(todo.id)">删除</button>
<button v-show="!todo.isEdit" class="btn btn-edit" @click="handleEdit(todo)">编辑</button>
</li>
</template>

<script>
import pubsub from 'pubsub-js'
export default {
name:'MyItem',
//声明接收todo
props:['todo'],
methods: {
//勾选or取消勾选
handleCheck(id){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象的done值取反
// this.checkTodo(id)
this.$bus.$emit('checkTodo',id)
},
//删除
handleDelete(id){
if(confirm('确定删除吗?')){
//通知App组件将对应的todo对象删除
// this.deleteTodo(id)
// this.$bus.$emit('deleteTodo',id)
pubsub.publish('deleteTodo',id)
}
},
//编辑
handleEdit(todo){
if(todo.hasOwnProperty('isEdit')){
todo.isEdit = true
}else{
// console.log('@')
this.$set(todo,'isEdit',true)
}
this.$nextTick(function(){
this.$refs.inputTitle.focus()
})
},
//失去焦点回调(真正执行修改逻辑)
handleBlur(todo,e){
todo.isEdit = false
if(!e.target.value.trim()) return alert('输入不能为空!')
this.$bus.$emit('updateTodo',todo.id,e.target.value)
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/*item*/
li {
list-style: none;
height: 36px;
line-height: 36px;
padding: 0 5px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

li label {
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}

li label li input {
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: 6px;
position: relative;
top: -1px;
}

li button {
float: right;
display: none;
margin-top: 3px;
}

li:before {
content: initial;
}

li:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}

li:hover{
background-color: #ddd;
}

li:hover button{
display: block;
}
</style>

2.14 Ajax 配置代理

本案例需要下载axiosnpm install axios

配置参考文档 Vue-Cli devServer.proxy
vue.config.js 是一个可选的配置文件,如果项目的 (和 package.json 同级的) 根目录中存在这个文件,那么它会被 @vue/cli-service 自动加载。你也可以使用 package.json 中的 vue 字段,但是注意这种写法需要你严格遵照 JSON 的格式来写

方法一

​ 在vue.config.js中添加如下配置

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module.exports = {
devServer:{
proxy:"http://localhost:5000"
}
}

说明

  1. 优点:配置简单,请求资源时直接发给前端(8080)即可
  2. 缺点:不能配置多个代理,不能灵活的控制请求是否走代理
  3. 工作方式:若按照上述配置代理,当请求了前端不存在的资源时,才会将请求会转发给服务器 (优先匹配前端资源)

方法二

​ 编写vue.config.js配置具体代理规则

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module.exports = {
devServer: {
proxy: {
'/api1': { // 匹配所有以 '/api1'开头的请求路径
target: 'http://localhost:5000', // 代理目标的基础路径
pathRewrite: {'^/api1':''}, // 代理往后端服务器的请求去掉 /api1 前缀
ws: true, // WebSocket
changeOrigin: true,

},
'/api2': {
target: 'http://localhost:5001',
pathRewrite: {'^/api2': ''},
changeOrigin: true
}
}
}
}
/*
changeOrigin设置为true时,服务器收到的请求头中的host为:localhost:5000
changeOrigin设置为false时,服务器收到的请求头中的host为:localhost:8080
changeOrigin默认值为true
*/

说明

  1. 优点:可以配置多个代理,且可以灵活的控制请求是否走代理
  2. 缺点:配置略微繁琐,请求资源时必须加前缀

vue.config.js

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module.exports = {
pages: {
index: {
entry: 'src/main.js',
},
},
lintOnSave:false,
// 开启代理服务器(方式一)
// devServer: {
// proxy:'http://localhost:5000'
// }

//开启代理服务器(方式二)
devServer: {
proxy: {
'/api1': {
target: 'http://localhost:5000',
pathRewrite:{'^/api1':''},
// ws: true, //用于支持websocket,默认值为true
// changeOrigin: true //用于控制请求头中的host值,默认值为true
},
'/api2': {
target: 'http://localhost:5001',
pathRewrite:{'^/api2':''},
}
}
}
}

MyItem.vue

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<template>
<div>
<button @click="getStudents">获取学生信息</button>
<button @click="getCars">获取汽车信息</button>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
name:'App',
methods: {
getStudents(){
axios.get('http://localhost:8080/students').then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了',response.data)
},
error => {
console.log('请求失败了',error.message)
}
)
},
getCars(){
axios.get('http://localhost:8080/demo/cars').then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了',response.data)
},
error => {
console.log('请求失败了',error.message)
}
)
}
},
}
</script>

发送请求的几种方式:

跨域的几种解决方法:

代理服务器的原理及方案:

加了前缀后的问题:

2.15 GitHub用户搜索案例

main.js

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//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false

//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
},
})

index.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- 针对IE浏览器的特殊配置,含义是让IE浏览器以最高渲染级别渲染页面 -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- 开启移动端的理想端口 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- 配置页签图标 -->
<link rel="icon" href="<%= BASE_URL %>favicon.ico">

<!-- 引入bootstrap样式 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<%= BASE_URL %>css/bootstrap.css">

<!-- 配置网页标题 -->
<title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 容器 -->
<div id="app"></div>
</body>
</html>

List.vue

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<template>
<div class="row">
<!-- 展示用户列表 -->
<div v-show="info.users.length" class="card" v-for="user in info.users" :key="user.login">
<a :href="user.html_url" target="_blank">
<img :src="user.avatar_url" style='width: 100px'/>
</a>
<p class="card-text">{{user.login}}</p>
</div>
<!-- 展示欢迎词 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isFirst">欢迎使用!</h1>
<!-- 展示加载中 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isLoading">加载中....</h1>
<!-- 展示错误信息 -->
<h1 v-show="info.errMsg">{{info.errMsg}}</h1>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'List',
data() {
return {
info:{
isFirst:true,
isLoading:false,
errMsg:'',
users:[]
}
}
},
mounted() {
this.$bus.$on('updateListData',(dataObj)=>{
this.info = {...this.info,...dataObj}
})
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.album {
min-height: 50rem; /* Can be removed; just added for demo purposes */
padding-top: 3rem;
padding-bottom: 3rem;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
}

.card {
float: left;
width: 33.333%;
padding: .75rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
border: 1px solid #efefef;
text-align: center;
}

.card > img {
margin-bottom: .75rem;
border-radius: 100px;
}

.card-text {
font-size: 85%;
}
</style>

Search.vue

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<template>
<section class="jumbotron">
<h3 class="jumbotron-heading">Search Github Users</h3>
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" v-model="keyWord"/>&nbsp;
<button @click="searchUsers">Search</button>
</div>
</section>
</template>

<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
name:'Search',
data() {
return {
keyWord:''
}
},
methods: {
searchUsers(){
//请求前更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:true,errMsg:'',users:[],isFirst:false})
axios.get(`https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${this.keyWord}`).then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了')
//请求成功后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:'',users:response.data.items})
},
error => {
//请求后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:error.message,users:[]})
}
)
}
},
}
</script>

App.vue

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<template>
<div class="container">
<Search/>
<List/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Search from './components/Search'
import List from './components/List'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Search,List}
}
</script>

2.16 vue-resource(目前已经弃用)

vue项目常用的两个Ajax

  1. axios:通用的Ajax请求库,官方推荐,效率高
  2. vue-resource:vue插件库,vue 1.x使用广泛,官方已不维护

下载vue-resourcenpm i vue-resource

main.js

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//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//引入插件
import vueResource from 'vue-resource'
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false
//使用插件
Vue.use(vueResource)

//创建vm
new Vue({
el:'#app',
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
},
})

List.vue

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<template>
<div class="row">
<!-- 展示用户列表 -->
<div v-show="info.users.length" class="card" v-for="user in info.users" :key="user.login">
<a :href="user.html_url" target="_blank">
<img :src="user.avatar_url" style='width: 100px'/>
</a>
<p class="card-text">{{user.login}}</p>
</div>
<!-- 展示欢迎词 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isFirst">欢迎使用!</h1>
<!-- 展示加载中 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isLoading">加载中....</h1>
<!-- 展示错误信息 -->
<h1 v-show="info.errMsg">{{info.errMsg}}</h1>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'List',
data() {
return {
info:{
isFirst:true,
isLoading:false,
errMsg:'',
users:[]
}
}
},
mounted() {
this.$bus.$on('updateListData',(dataObj)=>{
this.info = {...this.info,...dataObj}//解构函数
})
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.album {
min-height: 50rem; /* Can be removed; just added for demo purposes */
padding-top: 3rem;
padding-bottom: 3rem;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
}

.card {
float: left;
width: 33.333%;
padding: .75rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
border: 1px solid #efefef;
text-align: center;
}

.card > img {
margin-bottom: .75rem;
border-radius: 100px;
}

.card-text {
font-size: 85%;
}
</style>

Search.vue

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<template>
<section class="jumbotron">
<h3 class="jumbotron-heading">Search Github Users</h3>
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" v-model="keyWord"/>&nbsp;
<button @click="searchUsers">Search</button>
</div>
</section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Search',
data() {
return {
keyWord:''
}
},
methods: {
searchUsers(){
//请求前更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:true,errMsg:'',users:[],isFirst:false})
this.$http.get(`https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${this.keyWord}`).then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了')
//请求成功后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:'',users:response.data.items})
},
error => {
//请求后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:error.message,users:[]})
}
)
}
},
}
</script>

App.vue

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<template>
<div class="container">
<Search/>
<List/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Search from './components/Search'
import List from './components/List'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Search,List}
}
</script>

2.17 slot 插槽

<slot>插槽:让父组件可以向子组件指定位置插入html结构,也是一种组件间通信的方式,

适用于 父组件 ===> 子组件

  1. 分类:默认插槽、具名插槽、作用域插槽

  2. 使用方式

    1. 默认插槽

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      父组件中:
      <Category>
      <div>html结构1</div>
      </Category>
      子组件中:Category
      <template>
      <div>
      <!-- 定义插槽 -->
      <slot>插槽默认内容...</slot>
      </div>
      </template>
    2. 具名插槽

      1. 父组件指明放入子组件的哪个插槽slot="footer",如果是template可以写成v-slot:footer

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        父组件中:
        <Category>
        <template slot="center">
        <div>html结构1</div>
        </template>

        <template v-slot:footer>
        <div>html结构2</div>
        </template>
        </Category>
        子组件中:
        <template>
        <div>
        <!-- 定义插槽 -->
        <slot name="center">插槽默认内容...</slot>
        <slot name="footer">插槽默认内容...</slot>
        </div>
        </template>
    3. 作用域插槽

      1. scope用于父组件往子组件插槽放的html结构接收子组件的数据

      2. 理解:数据在组件的自身,但根据数据生成的结构需要组件的使用者来决定(games数据在Category组件中,但使用数据所遍历出来的结构由App组件决定)

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        父组件中:
        <Category>
        <template scope="scopeData">
        <!-- 生成的是ul列表 -->
        <ul>
        <li v-for="g in scopeData.games" :key="g">{{g}}</li>
        </ul>
        </template>
        </Category>

        <Category>
        <template slot-scope="scopeData">
        <!-- 生成的是h4标题 -->
        <h4 v-for="g in scopeData.games" :key="g">{{g}}</h4>
        </template>
        </Category>
        子组件中:
        <template>
        <div>
        <slot :games="games"></slot>
        </div>
        </template>

        <script>
        export default {
        name:'Category',
        props:['title'],
        //数据在子组件自身
        data() {
        return {
        games:['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽']
        }
        },
        }
        </script>

注意:关于样式,既可以写在父组件中,解析后放入子组件插槽;也可以放在子组件中,传给子组件再解析

2.17.1 默认插槽

Category.vue

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<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽(挖个坑,等着组件的使用者进行填充) -->
<slot>我是一些默认值,当使用者没有传递具体结构时,我会出现</slot>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title']
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="美食" >
<img src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg" alt="">
</Category>

<Category title="游戏" >
<ul>
<li v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
</Category>

<Category title="电影">
<video controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
</Category>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Category from './components/Category'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Category},
data() {
return {
foods:['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾','牛排'],
games:['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽'],
films:['《教父》','《拆弹专家》','《你好,李焕英》','《尚硅谷》']
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.container{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
</style>

2.17.2 具名插槽

Category.vue

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<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽(挖个坑,等着组件的使用者进行填充) -->
<slot name="center">我是一些默认值,当使用者没有传递具体结构时,我会出现1</slot>
<slot name="footer">我是一些默认值,当使用者没有传递具体结构时,我会出现2</slot>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title']
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="美食" >
<img slot="center" src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg" alt="">
<a slot="footer" href="http://www.atguigu.com">更多美食</a>
</Category>

<Category title="游戏" >
<ul slot="center">
<li v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
<div class="foot" slot="footer">
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">单机游戏</a>
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">网络游戏</a>
</div>
</Category>

<Category title="电影">
<video slot="center" controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
<template v-slot:footer>
<div class="foot">
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">经典</a>
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">热门</a>
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">推荐</a>
</div>
<h4>欢迎前来观影</h4>
</template>
</Category>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import Category from './components/Category'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Category},
data() {
return {
foods:['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾','牛排'],
games:['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽'],
films:['《教父》','《拆弹专家》','《你好,李焕英》','《尚硅谷》']
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.container,.foot{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
h4{
text-align: center;
}
</style>

2.17.3 作用域插槽

Category.vue

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<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<slot :games="games" msg="hello">我是默认的一些内容</slot>
</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title'],
data() {
return {
games:['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽'],
}
},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
</style>

App.vue

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<template>
<div class="container">

<Category title="游戏">
<template scope="atguigu">
<ul>
<li v-for="(g,index) in atguigu.games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
</Category>

<Category title="游戏">
<template scope="{games}">
<ol>
<li style="color:red" v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ol>
</template>
</Category>

<Category title="游戏">
<template slot-scope="{games}">
<h4 v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</h4>
</template>
</Category>

</div>
</template>

<script>
import Category from './components/Category'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Category},
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.container,.foot{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
h4{
text-align: center;
}
</style>